I roto i te rāngai ahumahi, ko te whai huatanga, te haumaru, me te roa o te ora o ngā oumu ka pā tika ki ngā utu whakaputa me te pono o te mahi. Mō ngā tono arai oumu ahumahi, he mea kore e taea te whiriwhiri i te rauemi whakamahana ātete ahi tika—ā,ngā kōwae muka ukue tū ana hei paerewa koura. I hangaia hei tu atu i ngā pāmahana tino kino, hei whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao, hei whakahaere i te tāutanga, ko ngā kōwae muka uku mō te arai oumu ahumahi te whiringa pai mō ngā kaihanga puta noa i ngā ahumahi maitai, sima, hinu matū, me te maimoatanga wera.
Ka mahi ngā oumu ahumahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua, ā, he maha ngā wā ka neke ake te pāmahana o roto i te 1000°C. He taumaha ngā rauemi ātete-wera tuku iho, pērā i ngā arai pereki, he ngāwari ki te pakaru, ā, he iti noa te mahi ārai wera. He rerekē, he māmā ngā waeine muka uku (he iti te mātotoru ki te 128kg/m³) engari he tino ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, ka taea te tu atu ki te whakamahinga tonu tae atu ki te 1400°C i runga i te momo. Mā tēnei huinga o te taumaha māmā me te ātete wera ka whakaitihia te kawenga hanganga ki runga i ngā tinana oumu me te ārai i te whakawhiti wera nui ki te anga o waho, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te wera nui me te kino o ngā taputapu.
He mea nui te whai huatanga o te pūngao mō ngā mahi ahumahi hou, ā, he nui ngā penapena pūngao e tukuna ana e ngā kōwae muka uku. Nā te iti o te kawe wera ka taea te pupuri i te nuinga o te wera e puta ana i roto i te oumu mō te tukanga whakaputa, kaua e moumou noa i roto i te arai. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mā te whakakapi i ngā arai tuku iho ki ngā kōwae muka uku ka taea te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mā te 15-30%—he whakahekenga utu nui mō ngā tukanga ahumahi pāmahana teitei e mahi ana i ngā rā katoa, i ngā rā e whitu. Mō ngā pakihi e hiahia ana ki te whakaiti i ō rātou tapuwae waro me te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga pumau, he mea whakarerekē tēnei painga whai huatanga pūngao.
He mea nui te tāutanga me te tiaki hei whakaiti i te wā kore mahi mō ngā oumu ahumahi. He mea hanga mua ngā kōwae muka uku, e māmā ake ai, e tere ake ai hoki te tukanga tāutanga ki te whakataurite ki te whakaranu me te whakarewa i ngā oumu whakarewa tuku iho. He pūnaha raka honohono ngā kōwae e whakarite ana i te piripono, te kore e pakaru, e whakakore ana i ngā āputa ka arahi ki te ngaronga wera me te pirau o te arai. Hei tāpiri, mā te ngāwari ka taea e rātou te urutau ki ngā āhua o ngā hoahoa oumu rerekē, e pai ai mō te hanganga oumu hou me te whakahou i ngā taputapu o nāianei. Ina hiahiatia he tiaki, ka taea te whakakapi takitahi i ngā kōwae pakaru, ka whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me ngā utu whakatika ki te whakataurite ki te whakakapinga arai katoa.
He mea nui te pakari me te roa o te ora mahi mō ngā rauemi arai oumu ahumahi, ā, he tino pai ngā kōwae muka uku i tēnei wāhanga. He ātete ki te ru wera, he take noa i roto i ngā oumu e pāngia ana e ngā huringa whakamahana me te whakamatao pinepine. Kāore i rite ki ngā arai pereki e pakaru ana i raro i te ahotea wera, ka mau tonu te āhua o ngā kōwae muka uku, ka whakarite kia mau tonu te mahi whakamahana i roto i te wā. He ātete hoki ki te waikura matū mai i ngā hau me ngā rauemi rewa e kitea ana i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi, ka roa ake te ora mahi me te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā whakakapinga pinepine.
I Shandong Robert, he tohunga mātou ki ngā kōwae muka uku kounga teitei mō te arai oumu ahumahi, i whakaritea kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia motuhake o tō tono. Kei te wātea ā mātou kōwae i roto i ngā momo taumata, tae atu ki te paerewa, te alumina-teitei, me te zirconia-whakarei, kia rite ki ngā awhe pāmahana me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere rerekē. Kua whakamanahia ā mātou hua katoa e ISO, e whakarite ana i te mana kounga tino me te pono. Ka tukuna e mātou ngā rahi me ngā whirihoranga ritenga, me te tautoko hangarau ngaio hei āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te otinga tika mō tō oumu. Me te utu wheketere tika, te tuku tere, me te tīma hoko-muri whakatapua, ka māmā ake te whakapai ake i tō arai oumu me ngā kōwae muka uku.
Kaua e tukua ngā arai oumu koretake, tiaki nui hoki kia aukati i ō mahi. Hokohoko ki ngā kōwae muka uku mō te arai oumu ahumahi, kia wheakohia ai ngā painga o te penapena pūngao, te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi, me te pono mō te wā roa. Whakapā mai ki a mātou i tēnei rā mō tētahi whakatau utu kore utu, ā, tukua ō mātou tohunga kia āwhina i a koe ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a tō oumu.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-12-2026
