Ka taea te whakarewa ātete
Ngā mea whakarewa ātete-korehe ranunga kua oti te whakaranu, he mea tito mai i ngā konganuku ātete parakore-teitei, ngā paura pai, ngā here ngaio, me ngā tāpiringa tino tika. Mā te tāpiri i te wai, i ngā wai motuhake rānei, ka taea te hanga ngāwari mā te ringihanga, te wiri, te werowero rānei, ā, ka taea hoki te hanga i mua hei wāhanga kua oti te hanga kia rite ki te āhua kia uru ki ngā hanganga oumu uaua. Kia mārō, ka hangaia he arai monolithic kore hononga e pai ake ana i ngā pereki ātete parakore tuku iho i roto i te whai huatanga o te tāutanga me te pupuri wera.
I mua koraima āteteNā te mea he rite te hanganga, te tukanga whakatakoto, me te tikanga hanga ki te raima hangarau ā-iwi, kua whakahoutia ā mātou whakarewa ātete-wai ki ngā tauira matatau hei whakarato i te mahi tino pai i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi uaua.
Whakarōpūtanga Hua
Kei a mātou te whānuitanga katoa o ngā mīhini whakarewa ātete-wai hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia ahumahi rerekē, e whakarōpūtia ana e ngā rauemi, te here, me te mahi:
1. Mā te Rauemi:Ngā mea whakarewa alumina teitei, ngā mea whakarewa alumina-magnesia, ngā mea whakarewa alumina-silicon carbide-waro, ngā mea whakarewa ātete-waikawa, ngā mea whakarewa ātete-kawakore, ngā mea whakarewa whakamahana māmā, me ētahi atu.
2. Mā te Pūreretā:Ngā mea whakarewa here sima konupūmā aluminate, ngā mea whakarewa here sima iti/tino iti/kore, ngā mea whakarewa here phosphate, ngā mea whakarewa here silica sol, me ētahi atu (he iti ake te porosity o ngā mea whakarewa sima iti/tino iti, ā, he kaha ake te miihini).
3. Mā te Mahi:Ngā mea whakarewa rere-ā-unoa, ngā mea whakarewa maroke tere, ngā mea whakarewa ātete-kakahu, ngā mea whakarewa ātete-ru wera, ngā mea whakarewa whakamarumaru, me ētahi atu.
Ngā Painga Matua:
1. Ātete Tino Pai ki te Pāmahana Teitei:Ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 1600-1800°C, me te pupuri tonu i te kounga o te hanganga me te kore e pirau, e ngaro rānei ngā taonga ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga ahumahi wera pēnei i te rewa whakarewa me te hanga karāhe.
2. Te Kaha Rawa me te Ātete ki te Waikura:He ātete ki te kakahu, ki te horo o te paru rewa, ki te whakaekenga matū, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakakapinga me te tiaki auau, ā, ka whakaroa ake i te roa o te ora o ngā arai oumu.
3. Te Pūmautanga Pai o te Ru Wera:Ka taea te tu atu i ngā piki me ngā heke ohorere o te pāmahana, me te kore e ngatata, e ngoikore rānei, he mea tino pai mō ngā taputapu e mahi pinepine ana te tīmatanga me te whakamutu, pērā i ngā oumu hurihuri me ngā koko rino.
4. Hanganga Ngāwari me te Whakaritenga:He pai mō te ringihanga ki ngā āhua uaua me ngā āhua matatini, e urutau ana ki ngā hoahoa oumu rerekē; e tuku ana hoki mātou i ngā wāhanga kua oti te hanga me ngā whakarerekētanga tauira kua whakaritea i runga i ō āhuatanga mahi (pāmahana, kawenga miihini, momo waikura).
5. Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao me te Whai Hua o te Utu:Mā te mahi pai o te whakamarumaru wera ka whakaitihia te ngaronga wera, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao mō te pupuri i te pāmahana; mā te tukanga hanga ngāwari ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te tāutanga me te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi; kei te wātea ngā kōwhiringa hangarua hei tautoko i te whakaputa pumau.
6. Te Kaha Whakarei (Whiringa):Mā te tāpiri i ngā muka kowiri tira ka pai ake te pakari ā-pūkaha mō ngā wāhi kei raro i te kaha ā-pūkaha nui; mā te tāpiri i ngā muka kore-waro ka nui ake te pakari me te whakamarumaru wera mō te whakamahana i ngā mea whakarewa ātete-wera.
| Ingoa Hua | Sima Iti Ka Taea te Maka | |||||
| TAUPAPA | RBTZJ-42 | RBTZJ-60 | RBTZJ-65 | RBTZJS-65 | RBTZJ-70 | |
| Te Pāmahana Here Mahi | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1400 | 1450 | |
| Te Matotoru o te Papatipu (g/cm3) 110℃×24h≥ | 2.15 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.45 | |
| Kaha Piko Matao 110℃×24h(MPa) ≥ | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | |
| Kaha Pakaru Matao (MPa) ≥ | 110℃×24h | 25 | 30 | 35 | 35 | 40 |
| CT℃×3h | 50 1300℃×3h | 55 1350℃×3h | 60 1400℃×3h | 40 1400℃×3h | 70 1400℃×3h | |
| Huringa Raina Tuturu @CT℃ × 3h(%) | -0.5~+0.5 1300℃ | -0.5~+0.5 1350℃ | 0~+0.8 1400℃ | 0~+0.8 1400℃ | 0~+1.0 1400℃ | |
| Ātete Ru Wera (1000℃ wai) ≥ | ― | ― | ― | 20 | ― | |
| Al2O3(%) ≥ | 42 | 60 | 65 | 65 | 70 | |
| CaO(%) ≤ | 2-3 | 2-3 | 2-3 | 2-3 | 2-3 | |
| Fe2O3(%) ≤ | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Ingoa Hua | Ka taea te whakarewa kaha teitei | |||||
| TAUPAPA | HS-50 | HS-60 | HS-70 | HS-80 | HS-90 | |
| Te Pāmahana Here Mahi (℃) | 1400 | 1500 | 1600 | 1700 | 1800 | |
| 110℃ Kiato Papatipu (g/cm3) ≥ | 2.15 | 2.30 | 2.40 | 2.50 | 2.90 | |
| Te Wāhanga o te Pakaru(MPa) ≥ | 110℃×24h | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8.5 | 10 |
| 1100℃×3h | 8 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 9 | 9.5 | |
| 1400℃×3h | 8.5 1300℃×3h | 9 | 9.5 | 10 | 15 | |
| Kaha Pakaru Matao (MPa) ≥ | 110℃×24h | 35 | 40 | 40 | 45 | 60 |
| 1100℃×3h | 40 | 50 | 45 | 50 | 70 | |
| 1400℃×3h | 45 1300℃×3h | 55 | 50 | 55 | 100 | |
| Huringa Raina Tuturu (%) | 1100℃×3h | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.25 | -0.15 | -0.1 |
| 1400℃×3h | -0.45 1300℃×3h | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.1 | |
| Al2O3(%) ≥ | 48 | 48 | 55 | 65 | 75 | 90 |
| CaO(%) ≤ | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Fe2O3(%) ≤ | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Ingoa Hua | Teitei te Alumina Maka | ||||||
| TAUPAPA | Al2O3 (%) ≥ | CaO (%) ≥ | Te ātete ki te mura ahi (℃) | CT℃×3h PLC ≤1% | 110℃ I muri i te Whakamaroke (MPa) | ||
| CCS | MOR | ||||||
| Uku Herea | NL-45 | 45 | ― | 1700 | 1350 | 8 | 1 |
| NL-60 | 60 | ― | 1720 | 1400 | 9 | 1.5 | |
| NL-70 | 70 | ― | 1760 | 1450 | 10 | 2 | |
| Sima Herea | GL-42 | 42 | ― | 1640 | 1350 | 25 | 3.5 |
| GL-50 | 50 | ― | 1660 | 1400 | 30 | 4 | |
| GL-60 | 60 | ― | 1700 | 1400 | 30 | 4 | |
| GL-70 | 70 | ― | 1720 | 1450 | 35 | 5 | |
| GL-85 | 85 | ― | 1780 | 1500 | 35 | 5 | |
| Herea Sima Iti | DL-60 | 60 | 2.5 | 1740 | 1500 | 30 | 5 |
| DL-80 | 80 | 2.5 | 1780 | 1500 | 40 | 6 | |
| Hononga Phosphate | LL-45 | 45 | ― | 1700 | 1350 | 20 | 3.5 |
| LL-60 | 60 | ― | 1740 | 1450 | 25 | 4 | |
| LL-75 | 75 | ― | 1780 | 1500 | 30 | 5 | |
| Konutai Silicate Herea | BL-40 | 40 | ― | ― | 1000 | 20 | ― |
| Ingoa Hua | Māmā Maka | ||||||
| Te Pāmahana Here Mahi | 1100 | 1200 | 1400 | 1500 | 1600 | ||
| 110℃ Kiato Papatipu (g/cm3) ≥ | 1.15 | 1.25 | 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.50 | ||
| Te Wāhanga o te Pakaru(MPa) ≥ | 110℃×24h | 2.5 | 3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.0 | |
| 1100℃×3h | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 | ||
| 1400℃×3h | ― | ― | 3 | 10.8 | 8.1 | ||
| Kaha o te Pakaru Matao (MPa) ≥ | 110℃×24h | 8 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 10 | |
| 1100℃×3h | 4 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 10 | ||
| 1400℃×3h | ― | ― | 15 | 22 | 14 | ||
| Huringa Raina Tuturu (%) | 1100℃×3h | -0.65 1000℃×3h | -0.8 | -0.25 | -0.15 | -0.1 | |
| 1400℃×3h | ― | ― | -0.8 | -0.55 | -0.45 | ||
| Te Arahi Wera (W/mk) | 350℃ | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 0.52 | |
| 700℃ | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.61 | 0.64 | ||
| Al2O3(%) ≥ | 33 | 35 | 45 | 55 | 65 | ||
| Fe2O3(%) ≤ | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||
1. He mea whakarewa konumohe-teitei:Ko te konukōre konumohe teitei te nuinga o te wā he alumina (Al2O3) ā, he kaha ki te mura ahi, ki te paru me te ātete ki ngā ru wera. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā oumu me ngā takuahi pāmahana teitei i roto i te maitai, ngā konganuku kore-ferrous, te matū me ētahi atu ahumahi.
2. Ka taea te whakarewa i te muka maitai kua whakapakaritia:Ko te muka rino whakarewa kua whakapakaritia, he mea hanga mai i ngā muka rino noa, ā, ka tāpirihia ngā muka rino hei whakapakari i tōna ātete ki ngā ru wera, te ātete ki te kakahu me te ātete ki te paru. E whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā oumu, i ngā raro oumu me ētahi atu wāhanga i roto i te maitai, te whakarewa, te hinu matū me ētahi atu ahumahi.
3. Ka taea te whakarewa i te Mullite:Ko te mullite whakarewa he mea hanga nui mai i te mullite (MgO·SiO2) ā, he pai tōna ātete ki te kakahu, ki te ātete ki te mura me te ātete ki te para. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā wāhanga matua pērā i ngā oumu hanga maitai me ngā kaitahuri i roto i te maitai, te whakarewa me ētahi atu ahumahi.
4. Ka taea te whakarewa i te waro silicon:Ko te mea whakarewa i te warowaihā silicon he mea hanga nui mai i te warowaihā silicon (SiC) ā, he tino pai te ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te paru me te ātete ki te ru wera. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā oumu pāmahana teitei, ngā moenga oumu me ētahi atu wāhanga o ngā konganuku kore-ferrous, ngā matū, ngā uku me ētahi atu ahumahi.
5. Ngā mea whakarewa iti-sima:e pā ana ki ngā mea whakarewa he iti te ihirangi sima, ko te nuinga he 5% pea, ā, ko ētahi kua whakaitihia ki te 1% ki te 2%. Ko ngā mea whakarewa sima-iti e whakamahi ana i ngā matūriki tino-pai kāore e neke ake i te 1μm, ā, ka tino pai ake te ātete ki te ru wera, te ātete ki te paru me te ātete ki te horo. He pai ngā mea whakarewa sima-iti mō ngā arai o ngā oumu maimoatanga wera, ngā oumu whakamahana, ngā oumu poutū, ngā oumu hurihuri, ngā taupoki oumu hiko, ngā kōhao pato oumu pupuhi, me ētahi atu; he pai ngā mea whakarewa sima-iti e rere ana i a ia anō mō ngā arai pū rehu whakauru mō te whakarewa rehu, ngā arai ātete-mau pāmahana teitei mō ngā tauhohenga pakaru matū hinu, me ngā arai o waho o ngā paipa whakamatao wai oumu whakamahana.
6. Ngā mea whakarewa ātete-mau:Ko ngā wāhanga matua o ngā mea whakarewa ātete-kakahu ko ngā rauemi whakarewa ātete-kakahu, ngā paura, ngā tāpiringa me ngā here. Ko ngā mea whakarewa ātete-kakahu he momo rauemi whakarewa kore-āhua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te mahi whakarewa, te matū hinu, ngā rauemi hanga, te hiko me ētahi atu ahumahi. He painga tēnei rauemi o te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te ātete ki te horo. Ka whakamahia hei whakatika me te tiaki i te arai o ngā taputapu pāmahana teitei pērā i ngā oumu me ngā poiha hei whakanui ake i te roa o te mahi a ngā taputapu.
7. He koko e taea te whakarewa:Ko te mea whakarewa koko he mea whakarewa ātete kore-āhua, he mea hanga ki te kirīni bauxite alumina-teitei kounga teitei me te karawiti silicon hei rauemi matua, me te here sima aluminate parakore, te mea whakamarara, te mea ātete-whakaiti, te mea whakapūmau, te muka ātete-pahū me ētahi atu tāpiringa. Nā te mea he pai te pānga ki te paparanga mahi o te koko, e kiia ana hoki ko te mea whakarewa karawiti silicon konumohe.
8. He mea whakarewa, he mea whakamātao, he mea ātete hoki:Ko te whakarewa ātete-māmā he whakarewa ātete-kore, he māmā, he kaha teitei, ā, he pai rawa te mahi whakamahana wera. Ko te nuinga o te wā he mea hanga mai i ngā rauemi māmā (pērā i te perlite, te vermiculite, me ētahi atu), ngā rauemi pumau pāmahana teitei, ngā mea here me ngā tāpiringa. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taputapu ahumahi pāmahana teitei, pērā i ngā oumu ahumahi, ngā oumu maimoatanga wera, ngā oumu maitai, ngā oumu rewa karāhe, me ētahi atu, hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao o ngā taputapu me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao.
9. Kōrunuma ka taea te whakarewa:Nā tōna mahi tino pai, kua waiho te kōrundum whakarewa hei whiringa pai mō ngā wāhanga matua o ngā oumu wera. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te kōrundum whakarewa ko te kaha teitei, te pāmahana whakangawari kawenga teitei me te ātete pai ki te paru, me ētahi atu. Ko te pāmahana whakamahinga whānui ko te 1500-1800℃.
10. Ka taea te whakarewa i te konupora:E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu wera pāmahana teitei, he tino ātete ki te waikura para kawakore, he iti te taupū pūmanawa hāora, ā, kāore he parahanga ki te maitai rewa. Nō reira, he whānuitia ngā tono i roto i te umanga whakarewa, inā koa i roto i te hanga maitai ma me te umanga rauemi hanga.
11. Uku ka taea te whakarewa:Ko ngā wāhanga matua ko te uku kirikiri me te uku whakakotahi, he pai te pumau o te wera me te ātete ki te wera, ā, he iti te utu. He maha te whakamahinga i roto i te whakapuru o ngā oumu ahumahi whānui, pērā i ngā oumu whakamahana, ngā oumu whakamahana, ngā poiha, me ētahi atu. Ka taea e ia te tu atu i tētahi pāmahana wera, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te whakamahana me te tiaki i te tinana oumu.
12. Ngā mea whakarewa maroke:Ko ngā mea whakarewa maroke he mea hanga nui mai i ngā konganuku ātete-wai, ngā paura, ngā mea here me te wai. Ko ngā kai noa ko te uku kirikiri, te alumina kirikiri tuatoru, te paura tino pai, te sima CA-50, ngā mea whakamarara me ngā mea ārai-waihanga ki te siliceous, ki te feldspar rānei.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā mea whakarewa maroke ki ngā momo maha e ai ki ō rātou whakamahinga me ngā kai. Hei tauira, ko ngā mea whakarewa maroke ātete-wai ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i ngā pūtau hiko konumohe, ka taea te aukati i te urunga o ngā irahiko me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a ngā pūtau. Hei tāpiri, he pai ngā mea whakarewa maroke ātete-wai mō ngā taputapu, te whakarewa, te ahumahi matū, ngā konganuku kore-ferrous me ētahi atu ahumahi, inā koa i roto i te ahumahi maitai, pērā i te waha oumu hurihuri o mua, te oumu pakaru, te uhi pane oumu me ētahi atu wāhanga.
Ngā Pātai Auau
Me āwhina koe? Tirohia ā mātou wānanga tautoko mō ngā whakautu ki ō pātai!
He kaihanga tūturu mātou, he tohunga tā mātou wheketere ki te whakaputa rauemi ātete ahi mō ngā tau neke atu i te 30. Ka oati mātou ki te whakarato i te utu pai rawa atu, te ratonga pai rawa atu i mua i te hoko me muri i te hoko.
Mō ia tukanga whakaputa, he pūnaha QC katoa tā te RBT mō te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana. Ā, ka whakamatautauria e mātou ngā taonga, ā, ka tukuna atu te tiwhikete kounga me ngā taonga. Mena he whakaritenga motuhake āu, ka whakapau kaha mātou ki te whakatutuki i aua whakaritenga.
He rerekē te wā tuku i runga i te rahinga. Engari ka oati mātou ki te tuku wawe tonu me te kounga kua oti te whakapūmau.
Ko te tikanga, ka tukuna e mātou he tauira kore utu.
Āe, he pono, nau mai haere mai ki te toro mai ki te kamupene RBT me ā mātou hua.
Kāore he rohe, ka taea e mātou te whakarato i te whakaaro me te otinga pai rawa atu e ai ki tō āhuatanga.
Neke atu i te 30 tau mātou e hanga ana i ngā rauemi ātete ahi, he kaha te tautoko hangarau me te nui o ngā wheako, ka taea e mātou te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te hoahoa i ngā oumu rerekē me te whakarato ratonga kotahi-mutu.
