He maha ngā momo rauemi mata ātete-wai, me ngā tikanga whakarōpūtanga rerekē. E ono ngā kāwai whānui.
Tuatahi, e ai ki te whakarōpūtanga o ngā wāhanga matū o ngā rauemi mata ātete
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata waikura me ngā rauemi mata kore-waikura. Nā te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau hou, kua riro ētahi matū waro hei rauemi matua, hei rauemi āwhina rānei mō ngā rauemi mata ātete ahi mahi teitei.
Tuarua, e ai ki ngā wāhanga matū o te whakarōpūtanga rauemi mata ātete
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga matū, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata ātete ahi ki te waikawa, pērā i te silica, te zircon; ngā rauemi mata ātete ahi kūpapa pērā i te corundum, te bauxite (waikawa), te mullite (waikawa), te pyrite (kawakore), te graphite; me ngā rauemi mata ātete ahi kawakore pērā i te konupūmā, te onepū dolomite, te onepū konupūmā konupūmā, me ētahi atu.
Tuatoru, e ai ki te whakarōpūtanga mahi tukanga whakaputa
E ai ki te mahi a te rauemi matūriki i roto i te hanga matūriki, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi matūriki ki ngā rauemi matua me ngā rauemi āwhina.
Ko te rauemi mata matua ko te tinana matua o te rauemi ātete. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata āwhina ki ngā mea here me ngā mea tāpiri. Ko te mahi a te mea here he mea kia kaha ai te tinana ātete i roto i te tukanga whakaputa me te whakamahinga. Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te wai para penupenu whanariki, te uku, te kapia phenolic, te sima aluminate, te silicate konutai, te waikawa phosphoric me te phosphate, te whanariki, ā, ko ētahi o ngā rauemi mata matua he mahi hei kaihoko here, pērā i te uku here; Ko te mahi a ngā mea tāpiri he whakapai ake i te tukanga whakaputa, hanga rānei o ngā rauemi ātete, he whakapakari rānei i ētahi āhuatanga o ngā rauemi ātete, pērā i te whakau, te kaihoko whakaiti wai, te aukati, te kaiwhakapaipai, te kaihoko whakamarara, te kaihoko whakawhānui, te antioxidant, me ētahi atu.
Whā, e ai ki te āhua o te whakarōpūtanga waikawa me te turanga
E ai ki te waikawa me te kawakore, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata ātete ki ngā wāhanga e rima e whai ake nei.
(1) Ngā rauemi mata waikawa
Ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi mata hiraka, pērā i te kuata, te kuata squamquartz, te kuata, te karcedoni, te tiata, te ōkipa, te kuata, te onepu hiraka ma, te diatomite, kei roto i ēnei rauemi mata hiraka te hiraka (SiO2) neke atu i te 90%, ā, kei roto i ngā rauemi mata parakore te hiraka tae atu ki te 99%. He waikawa ngā rauemi mata hiraka i roto i ngā mahi matū pāmahana teitei, ina he waikura konganuku, ina pā atu rānei ki te mahi matū, ka whakakotahihia hei silicates whakarewa. Nō reira, ki te mea he iti noa te waikura konganuku kei roto i te rauemi mata hiraka, ka tino pāngia tōna ātete wera.
(2) ngā rauemi mata haurua-waikawa
Ko te nuinga he uku ātete. I ngā wā o mua, i whakarārangihia te uku hei rauemi waikawa, engari kāore i te tika. Ko te waikawa o ngā rauemi mata ātete e ahu mai ana i te silica kore utu (SiO2) hei tinana matua, nā te mea e ai ki te hanganga matū o te uku ātete me ngā rauemi mata ātete, he iti ake te silica kore utu i roto i te uku ātete i ngā rauemi mata ātete.
Nā te mea he 30%~45% te alumina i roto i te uku ātete whānui, ā, he onge te āhua kore utu o te alumina, ka honoa ki te silica hei kaolinite (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O), ahakoa he iti noa te nui o te silica, he iti noa iho te mahi. Nō reira, he ngoikore ake te āhuatanga waikawa o te uku ātete i tērā o ngā rauemi mata siliceous. E whakapono ana ētahi tāngata ka pakaru te uku ātete i te pāmahana teitei hei silica kore utu, alumina kore utu, engari kāore i rerekē, ka honoa te silica kore utu me te alumina kore utu hei quartz (3Al2O3·2SiO2) ina tonu te whakamahana. He pai te ātete waikawa o te quartz ki te para kawakore, ā, nā te pikinga o te hanganga alumina i roto i te uku ātete, ka ngoikore haere te matū waikawa, ina tae te alumina ki te 50%, ka kitea ngā āhuatanga kawakore, ka noho kore rānei, inā koa he pereki uku i raro i te pēhanga teitei, he matotoru teitei, he pai te kiato, he iti te porosity, he kaha ake te ātete ki te para kawakore i te silica i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei. He puhoi rawa hoki te waikura o te kuata, nō reira ki tā mātou whakaaro he tika te whakarōpū i te uku ātete hei uku haurua-waikawa. Ko te uku ātete te rauemi mata taketake me te rauemi mata e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga ātete.
(3) ngā rauemi mata koretake
Ko ngā rauemi mata kūpapa ko te chromite, te graphite, te silicon carbide (hangai), ā, i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana katoa, kāore e tauhohe ki te para waikawa, ki te para kawakore rānei. E rua ngā rauemi pēnei i te taiao i tēnei wā, ko te chromite me te graphite. Haunga te graphite tūturu, kei reira anō te graphite hangai, he nui te ātete o ēnei rauemi mata kūpapa ki te para, ko te mea tino pai mō ngā rauemi ātete kawakore me te ātete waikawa.
(4) ngā rauemi mata ātete-kawa kore-waikawa
Ko te nuinga o te konupūmā (konupūmā), te dolomite, te kotakota, te olivine, te serpentine, me te nui o te hāora o te alumina (i ētahi wā he kūpapa), he kaha te ātete o ēnei rauemi ki te para kawakore, e whakamahia ana i roto i te oumu kawakore, engari he tino ngāwari te tauhohenga matū o te para waikawa ki te tote.
(5) Ngā rauemi ātete motuhake
Ko te nuinga ko te zirconia, te waikura titanium, te waikura beryllium, te waikura cerium, te waikura thorium, te waikura yttrium me ētahi atu. He rerekē te ātete o ēnei rauemi mata ki ngā momo para katoa, engari nā te mea he iti te pūtake rauemi mata, kāore e taea te whakamahi i roto i te maha o ngā ahumahi ātete ahi, ā, ka taea anake te whakamahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, nō reira ka kiia he rauemi mata ātete ahi motuhake.
E rima, e ai ki te whakarōpūtanga o ngā rauemi mata
E ai ki te hanga o ngā rauemi mata, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata māori me ngā rauemi mata hangai ki ngā momo e rua.
(1) ngā rauemi mata ā-taiao ātete-wera
Ko ngā rauemi mata kohuke tūturu tonu te pūtake matua o ngā rauemi mata. Ko ngā kohuke e puta ana i te taiao he mea tito mai i ngā huānga e hanga ana i aua huānga. I tēnei wā, kua whakamātauhia ko te nui katoa o te hāora, te silicon me te konumohe e toru ngā huānga e 90% o te nui katoa o ngā huānga i roto i te kirinuku, ā, ko ngā kohuke waikura, silicate me aluminosilicate he painga mārama, he rahui nui rawa atu o ngā rauemi mata tūturu.
He nui ngā rauemi mata ātete-waikura o Haina, he whānuitia te whānuitanga. Ko te konupūmā, te bauxite, te karāhe me ētahi atu rauemi ka taea te kī ko ngā pou e toru o ngā rauemi mata ātete-waikura o Haina; he nui ngā rahui konupūmā me te bauxite, he kounga teitei; he whānuitia te horapa o te uku ātete-waikura kounga teitei, te silica, te dolomite, te konupūmā dolomite, te konupūmā olivine, te serpentine, te zircon me ētahi atu rauemi.
Ko ngā momo matua o ngā rauemi mata taiao ko: te silica, te quartz, te diatomite, te ware pi, te uku, te bauxite, te cyanite, ngā rauemi mata kohuke, te magnesite, te dolomite, te kohatu toka, te magnesite olivine, te serpentine, te talc, te chlorite, te zircon, te plagiozircon, te perlite, te chromium rino me te graphite taiao.
Ono, E ai ki te hanganga matū, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata ā-pūmau:
He mea hanga ki te hāripiri: pērā i te hāripiri tioata, te hāripiri sima ki te onepu kuata, me ētahi atu;
② haurua-kirika (phyllachite, me ētahi atu)
③ Uku: pērā i te uku mārō, te uku ngohengohe, me ētahi atu; Whakakotahitia te uku me te uku kinker
(4) Konumohe teitei: e mōhiotia ana ko te jade, pērā i te bauxite teitei, ngā kohuke sillimanite;
⑤ Konupūmā: konupūmāite;
⑥ Toromitī;
⑦ Chromite [(Fe,Mg)O·(Cr,Al)2O3];
Zircon (ZrO2·SiO2).
He nui ake ngā poke o ngā rauemi mata tūturu, kāore i te pumau te hanganga, he nui te rerekētanga o te mahi, he torutoru noa iho ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakamahi tika, ko te nuinga me purea, me whakarōpūtia, me whakapūkaratia rānei kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga whakaputa o ngā rauemi ātete.
(2) ngā rauemi mata ātete ahi hangai
He iti noa ngā momo kohuke taiao e whakamahia ana mō ngā rauemi mata, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā rauemi ātete kounga teitei me te hangarau teitei mō ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te ahumahi hou. Ka taea e ngā rauemi mata ātete hangai te whakatutuki katoa i te hanganga me te hanganga matū o te tangata kua hoahoatia, he parakore te kakano, he matotoru te hanganga, he ngāwari te whakahaere i te hanganga matū, nō reira he pumau te kounga, ka taea te hanga i ngā momo rauemi ātete matatau, koinei te rauemi mata matua o ngā rauemi ātete pūkenga teitei me te hangarau teitei o ēnei rā. He tino tere te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi ātete hangai i ngā tau rua tekau kua pahure ake nei.
Ko ngā rauemi mata ātete hangai ko te nuinga o te konupūmā konumohe spinel, te mullite hangai, te konupūmā wai moana, te konupūmā cordierite hangai, te corundum sintered, te titanate konumohe, te silicon carbide me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Mei-19-2023
