Ngā Pereki Ātete Hiraka: Ngā Whakamahinga Matua puta noa i ngā Rāngai Ahumahi mō te Pūmautanga i te Pāmahana Teitei

I roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wera nui—mai i te rewa karāhe ki te whakarewa maitai—mā te whiriwhiri i te rauemi ātete tika ka taea te whakanui, te whakakore rānei i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere, te haumaru, me te whai huatanga utu.Pereki Ātete HirakaHe mea tino pai mō ēnei taiao uaua, nā te mea he tino ātete ki te pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 1750°C), he iti te horapa o te wera, me te kaha ki te ātete ki te waikura waikawa. Engari kei hea tonu te uara nui o ēnei pereki pakari? Me wehewehe tātou i ō rātou whakamahinga nui puta noa i ngā ahumahi matua, me te take he otinga pai mō ngā miihini me ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu puta noa i te ao.

He aha te mea e pai ai ngā pereki ātete ki te silica mō ngā mahi pāmahana teitei?

I mua i te ruku ki roto i ōna whakamahinga, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā āhuatanga e kore ai e hiahiatia ngā pereki ātete-silica. He rerekē ki ētahi atu rauemi ātete-silica (pēnei i te uku ahi, i ngā pereki alumina rānei), ko te nuinga o ngā pereki silica he silica tioata, e homai ana ki a rātou:

Te ātete wera nui:Ka mau tonu te hanganga pai ahakoa ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 1700°C, ā, he pai mō ngā tukanga wera nui tonu.

Te iti o te whakawhanuitanga wera:Mā tēnei ka whakaitihia te ngatata me te piko o te kiri ina pāngia e ngā huringa pāmahana tere (he take noa i roto i ngā oumu ahumahi).

Ātete ki te horo waikawa:He pai te ātete ki ngā hau waikawa me ngā para, he mea nui mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga kōka me te hanga karāhe.

Te roa o te ora ratonga:Nā te pakari o ēnei taputapu ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā whakakapinga auau, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu tiaki me te wā kore mahi.

Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka taea ai e ngā pereki ātete ki te silica ahumahi te whakamahi hei otinga whai hua mō ngā rāngai e hiahia ana kia pono i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino.

Ngā Whakamahinga Matua o ngā Pereki Ātete Hiraka mā te Ahumahi​

Ehara ngā pereki ātete-kirika i te rauemi "kotahi te rahi mō te katoa"—he rite tonu ō rātou painga ahurei ki ngā hiahia ahumahi motuhake. Kei raro nei ngā rāngai e whai wāhi nui ana rātou, me te huarahi e whakaoti ai i ngā wero matua.

1. Ngā Ōumu Coke: Te Tuarā o te Hanga Rino​

He mea nui ngā oumu kōka hei huri i te waro hei kōka (he wahie matua mō te hanga maitai), ā, ka mahi i ngā pāmahana i waenga i te 1100°C me te 1300°C mō ngā wā roa. Ko ngā pereki ātete-kirika mō ngā oumu kōka te paerewa koura i konei mō ngā take matua e rua:

Ka ātete rātou i ngā hau waikawa (pērā i te hauota waro me te hauhā whanariki) e tukuna ana i te wā e whakapūmautia ana te waro, ā, ka ārai i te pirau o ngā pereki me ngā turuturu hau.

Mā te iti o te horapa o te wera ka noho tonu te arai o te oumu i roto i ngā huringa whakamahana me te whakamatao o ia rā, ka karohia ngā pakaru utu nui ka aukati i te mahi whakaputa.

Ka whakawhirinaki ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā wheketere ki ngā pereki ātete silica pāmahana teitei i roto i ngā rūma oumu kōka me ngā paipa, nā te mea ahakoa ngā pakaru iti o te arai ka arahi pea ki te wā kore mahi mō ngā wiki maha—ka ngaro te hua i ngā miriona tāra.

2. Ngā Oumu Rewa Karāhe: Te Whakarite i te Karāhe Parakore, Pūmau

Ko te hanga karāhe me whakarewa ngā rauemi mata (onepu, pungarehu houra, kōhatu kōhatu) i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 1600°C, ā, kaua te arai oumu e tauhohe ki te karāhe rewa (ka poke te hua whakamutunga). He mea pai ngā pereki silica mō ngā oumu rewa karāhe nā te mea:

Mā te āhua korekore o te karāhe ka ārai i ngā tauhohenga matū ki te karāhe rewa, kia mārama tonu ai te karāhe, kia kore ai he poke.

Ka ātete rātou i te wera nui me te rere o te karāhe rewa, ka whakaiti i te pakaru o te arai me te whakaroa i te ora o te oumu.

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ēnei i roto i te "hanganga o runga" o ngā oumu karāhe (ngā wāhanga o runga i runga ake i te karāhe rewa), te wāhi e tino teitei ai te pāmahana, ā, e tino kukū ana ngā kohu waikawa.

Mō ngā kaihanga karāhe, ko te whakamahi i ngā pereki ātete-waikawa mō te silica ka iti ake ngā hapa o te hua, ka roa ake hoki te wā e mahi ai te oumu—he mea nui kia tutuki ai ngā rā kati whakaputa.

3. Ngā Oihini Ahumahi Rino: Te Whakahaere i te Wera Nui me te Para

He maha ngā tukanga wera-teitei e whakamahia ana mō te hanga maitai, tae atu ki ngā oumu pupuhi, ngā oumu pewa hiko (EAF), me ngā oumu koko. He tino pai ngā pereki ātete-kirika mō ngā oumu maitai i roto i ēnei taiao nā te mea:

Ka ātete rātou i te mahi whakakoi a te maitai rewa me te para, ka tere te pakaru o ngā mea kore e pakari.

Mā te kaha wera nui ka mau tonu te pāmahana i roto i te oumu, ka pai ake te kounga o te maitai, ka whakaiti hoki i te whakamahinga pūngao.

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ēnei i roto i te "ahi" (raro) me ngā "pakitara taha" o ngā EAF, ina eke te pāmahana ki te 1700°C, ā, he nui te ahotea ā-pūkaha.

Ko ngā mira maitai e whakamahi ana i ngā pereki ātete silica roa te ora, e whakaatu ana i ngā utu tiaki iti iho, me te iti ake o ngā kati kore i whakamaheretia—he painga matua i roto i tētahi ahumahi whakataetae nui.

4. Ētahi atu Whakamahinga Ahumahi

Haunga te kōka, te karāhe, me te maitai, ka whakamahia ngā pereki ahi silica i roto i ētahi atu tautuhinga pāmahana teitei, tae atu ki:

Ngā oumu uku:He arai pumau ēnei mō te tahu uku i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 1600°C.

Ngā tauhohenga matū:Nā te ātete ki te waikawa, he pai mō ngā tauhohenga e whakahaere ana i ngā tukanga waikawa (hei tauira, te hanga waikawa whanariki).

Ngā tahunga para:Ka ātete rātou i te wera nui me ngā hau waikura e puta mai ana i te tahunga para.