9 Ngā Rauemi Ātete mō ngā Oumu Karāhe

Ngā pereki silica mō ngā oumu karāhe:
Ngā kai matua: te hauhā silicon (SiO2), me neke atu i te 94% te ihirangi. Te pāmahana whakahaere: ko te pāmahana whakahaere teitei rawa ko te 1600~1650℃. Ngā āhuatanga: he ātete pai ki te horo o te para waikawa, engari he iti te ātete ki te horo o ngā rauemi rere kawakore. E whakamahia ana mō te hanga pereki o ngā āwhata nui, ngā pakitara uma me ngā oumu iti.

Ngā pereki uku ahi mō ngā oumu karāhe:
Ngā Kai Matua: Al2O3 me SiO2, ko te nui o te Al2O3 kei waenga i te 30%~45%, ko te SiO2 kei waenga i te 51%~66%. Te pāmahana whakahaere: ko te pāmahana whakahaere teitei rawa ko te 1350~1500℃. Ngā Āhuatanga: He rauemi ātete waikawa ngoikore, he pai te ātete, te pumau wera, me te iti o te kawe wera. E whakamahia ana mō te hanga pereki o raro o te puna kaukau, te pakitara puna kaukau o te wāhanga mahi me te ara, te pakitara, te āwhata, ngā pereki tirotiro o raro me te paipa o te rūma rokiroki wera.

Ngā pereki alumina teitei mō ngā oumu karāhe:
Ngā wāhanga matua: SiO2 me Al2O3, engari me nui ake te ihirangi Al2O3 i te 46%. Pāmahana whakahaere: Ko te pāmahana whakahaere mōrahi ko te 1500~1650℃. Ngā āhuatanga: He ātete pai ki te waikura, ā, ka taea te ātete ki te waikura mai i ngā para waikawa me ngā para kawakore. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rūma rokiroki wera, me ngā taputapu ātete ahi mō ngā puna kaukau mahi, ngā awa rauemi me ngā whāngai.

Pereki Mullite:
Ko te wāhanga matua o ngā pereki mullite ko te Al2O3, ā, ko te 75% te nui o te ihirangi. Nā te mea he tioata mullite te nuinga, ka kiia he pereki mullite. Ko te mātotorutanga 2.7-3 2g/cm3, ko te pūngao tuwhera 1%-12%, ā, ko te pāmahana mahi mōrahi ko te 1500~1700℃. Ko te mullite whakakoi te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō te hanga pakitara o ngā rūma rokiroki wera. Ko te mullite whakakotahi te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō te hanga pakitara o ngā puna kaukau, ngā kōhao tirotiro, ngā pou tautoko pakitara, me ētahi atu.

Ngā pereki zirconium corundum kua hanumi:
Ko ngā pereki korunamu zirconium kua hanumihia, e kiia ana hoki ko ngā pereki rino mā. I te nuinga o te wā, ka wehea ngā pereki korunamu zirconium kua hanumihia kia toru ngā momo i runga i te nui o te zirconium: 33%, 36%, me te 41%. Kei roto i ngā pereki korunamu zirconium e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga karāhe he 50%~70% Al2O3 me te 20%~40% ZrO2. Ko te mātotoru he 3.4~4.0g/cm3, ko te porosity kitea he 1%~10%, ā, ko te pāmahana mahi mōrahi he 1700℃. Ko ngā pereki korunamu zirconium kua hanumihia me te nui o te zirconium he 33% me te 36% e whakamahia ana hei hanga pakitara kaukau oumu, pakitara uma wāhi mura, ngā kōhao pupuhi oumu iti, ngā āputa papatahi oumu iti, ngā puranga oumu iti, ngā āputa arero, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā pereki korunamu zirconium kua hanumihia me te nui o te zirconium he 41% e whakamahia ana hei hanga kokonga pakitara kaukau, ngā kōhao rere, me ētahi atu wāhanga e tino waikura ana, e waikura ana hoki ngā rauemi ātete i te wai karāhe. Ko tēnei rauemi te rauemi ātete whakarewa hanumi e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga karāhe.

Ngā pereki alumina kua hanumi:
Ko te nuinga o tēnei e pā ana ki ngā pereki ātete-whakarewa α, β korundum, me te β korundum kua whakakotahitia, he mea hanga ki te 92% ~ 94% te āhua karaihe korundum Al2O3, te mātotoru 2.9 ~ 3.05g/cm3, te āhua porous 1% ~ 10%, ā, ko te pāmahana mahi mōrahi tata ki te 1700℃. He tino ātete te alumina kua whakakotahitia ki te urunga o te karāhe, ā, kāore e pāngia e te wai karāhe. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te pakitara wāhanga mahi o te puna kaukau, te raro o te puna kaukau, te awa rere, te pakitara wāhanga mahi o te awa puna kaukau, te raro o te awa puna kaukau me ētahi atu wāhanga o te oumu rewa karāhe e pā ana ki te wai karāhe, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he poke ātete-whakarewa.

Ngā pereki kuata:
Ko te wāhanga matua ko te SiO2, kei roto nei neke atu i te 99%, me te mātotoru o te 1.9~2g/cm3, te ātete ki te werawera o te 1650℃, te pāmahana mahi o te 1600℃, me te ātete ki te horo waikawa. E whakamahia ana hei hanga i te pakitara puna kaukau mai i te karāhe boron waikawa, ngā pereki kōhao thermocouple wāhi mura, me ētahi atu.

Ngā rauemi ātete kawakore:
Ko ngā rauemi ātete kawakore e pā ana ki ngā pereki konupūmā, ngā pereki alumina-konupūmā, ngā pereki konupūmā-kromo, me ngā pereki forsterite. Ko tana mahi he ātete ki te horo o ngā rauemi kawakore, ā, ko tōna ātete he 1900~2000℃. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te pakitara o runga o te pūwhakaora o te oumu rewa karāhe, te āwhata pūwhakaora, te tinana whatunga, me te hanganga wāhanga oumu iti.

Ngā pereki whakamahana mō ngā oumu karāhe:
He nui te wāhi e marara ai te wera o te oumu whakarewa karāhe, ā, he iti te pai o te wera. Hei penapena pūngao me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga, he nui ngā rauemi whakamahana e hiahiatia ana mō te whakamahana whānui. Ina koa, me whakamahana te pakitara puna kaukau, te raro puna kaukau, te āwhata, me te pakitara i roto i te kaiwhakaora, te wāhanga rewa, te wāhanga mahi, me ētahi atu, kia iti ai te marara o te wera. He tino nui te porowhita o te pereki whakamahana, he tino māmā te taumaha, ā, kāore te mātotoru e neke ake i te 1.3g/cm3. Nā te mea he tino ngoikore te mahi whakawhiti wera o te hau, he pānga whakamahana te pereki whakamahana he nui te porowhita. Ko tōna tauwehenga kawe wera he 2~3 ngā wā iti iho i tērā o ngā rauemi ātete whānui, nō reira ko te nui o te porowhita, ko te pai ake o te pānga whakamahana. He maha ngā momo pereki whakamahana, tae atu ki ngā pereki whakamahana uku, ngā pereki whakamahana silica, ngā pereki whakamahana alumina teitei me ētahi atu.